What constitutes "bias-based policing" in law enforcement?

The definition of "bias-based policing" in law enforcement primarily revolves around the concept of targeting individuals based on personal characteristics such as race, ethnicity, gender, religion, sexual orientation, or other inherent traits. This practice is considered problematic and discriminatory, as it can lead to profiling and unjust treatment of individuals solely due to aspects of their identity rather than their behavior or any legitimate suspicious activities.

Bias-based policing undermines community trust in law enforcement and can result in significant legal and ethical consequences. Recognizing and understanding this definition is crucial for law enforcement agencies aiming to implement fair policing practices and foster strong relationships with the communities they serve.

The other options refer to legitimate law enforcement practices that do not necessarily involve bias. Targeting individuals based on behavior focuses on observable actions that may indicate criminal activity, while focusing on specific neighborhoods might be a strategic choice based on crime rates. Assessing criminal activities by statistics relies on data analysis rather than on personal characteristics, aiming to enhance crime prevention rather than promote bias.