In what year was the Department of Homeland Security established, which includes ICE?

The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) was established in response to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, with the goal of consolidating various governmental functions geared toward national security and emergency management. It officially came into existence on March 1, 2003, signifying a major reorganization of federal agencies, including the formation of the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) and the incorporating of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), which divided into separate enforcement and services components, including what is now known as Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). This creation marked a significant shift in how the United States approached homeland security, emphasizing coordinated efforts among various government entities to improve safeguarding measures and emergency preparedness.